CXCL12 and lung carcinoma: The researchers found that individuals with the CXCL12 AA (high expressing genotype) and CXCR4 TT genotypes had higher odds ratios (an OR of 1.95, 95% CI 1.08–3.50, p = 0.018 and OR of 4.71, 95% CI 1.99–11.2, p < 0.0001, respectively) for lung cancer development.