Preclinical investigations using a mouse model with CT26-MUC1 tumors showed that combination of the TG4010 vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) resulted in delay of tumor onset as compared with TG4010 alone [44]. Here, MUC1 is linked to neoplasm.