When this result is positive (MSI/absence of MMR) or if the tumor is not available, patients with a family history of CRC are then screened for germline mutations in the MMR genes, which was previously performed by methods such as Denaturation Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) or High Resolution Melting (HRM), followed by Sanger sequencing of samples with altered patterns. Here, MRC1 is linked to neoplasm.