MAPKAPK2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Profiling revealed the expression of several transcription factors was higher in IPF, including NF‐κB and C/EBPβ, important mediators of the secretory component of senescent cells.30 In senescence, NF‐κB signalling follows the DDR via activation of p38 MAPK and its downstream mediator, MAPKAPK2, both of which were up‐regulated in IPF‐LFs.30 Furthermore, the expression of two key modulators of the innate immune system that regulate NF‐κB activation, MyD88 and toll‐interacting protein (Tollip), was also higher in IPF‐LFs.