However, when cancers were stratified based on histological subtypes, cancers with less metastatic potential, such as medullary carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and mucinous carcinoma, exhibited increased expression of mdig, whereas invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma showed significantly decreased mdig expression (Fig. 6g). Here, RIOX2 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.