INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Variables that had significant association with POAF before adjustments were age, Malay population, Indian population, history of CKD, left ventricular ejection fraction, beta-blocker, biguanide, left atrial enlargement and CABG plus valve surgery (p<0.05) Other variables that were identified as potential predictors (p<0.25) include history of COPD, BMI, calcium channel blocker, insulin, diuretics, inhaled beta agonist, off-pump CABG surgery, bypass time, cross-clamp time and CABG plus valve plus other surgery.