A similar phenomenon has been observed during vaginal HSV-2 infection, influenza infection, and inflammatory monocyte recruitment to the brain during LPS-induced systemic inflammation (2, 36, 37), With influenza infection, absence of IFNAR resulted in differentiation of Ly6C intermediate expressing monocytes rather than Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, which additionally had a different phenotype (36). Here, IFNAR1 is linked to influenza.