MYD88 and encephalitis: For instance, absence of TLR responses for deficiency in the TLR adaptor proteins MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) or TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) results in encephalitis and host death following HSV-1 infection (Mansur et al., 2005; Sancho-Shimizu et al., 2011).