While the defect in AD immunity is largely attributed to CNS resident microglia, astrocytes and perivascular myeloid immune cells, we have identified abnormal activation of the Nlrp1 inflammasome in AD neurons, resulting in Casp1 activation, which then can activate Casp6-mediated neurodegeneration and Il-1β-mediated glial inflammation11. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.