Increase in the levels of caldesmon, coactosin-like protein, cofilin 1/2, coronin 1 A/C, destrin, erizin, fermitin, gelsolin, stathmin, talin 1/2, thymosin, and zyxin were also observed in the proteomic analysis of the monocyte samples from HAM/TSP patients (Fig. 4B). This evidence concerns the gene CALD1 and tropical spastic paraparesis.