Studies have linked hepatic steatosis to ER stress-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c; also known as SREBF1) expression and activation (Ning, 2011; Kammoun, 2009), and we observed significant SREBP-1c upregulation after TG-FA early treatment (Fig. 4A). This evidence concerns the gene SREBF1 and fatty liver disease.