Women (10%) were more likely to report symptoms of depression compared to men (3%; prevalence difference [PD]: 7.5%; 95% CI: -1.7%-16.8%); as were patients under the age of 30 years (14%) compared to those 30–39 years (4%; PD: -10.2%; 95% CI: -29.4%-9.0%) or ≥40 years (9%; PD: -5.5%; -26.1%-15.2%), those with lower CD4 counts at ART initiation (<200 cells/mm3 vs ≥200 cells/mm3: 8% vs 3%; PD: 4.8%; 95% CI: -4.5%-14.0%), and those with high viral loads (>1000 copies/mL vs. <400 copies/mL: 40% vs. 5%; PD: 34.6%; 95% CI: (-8.6%-77.6%). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and major depressive disorder.