In addition, our results also suggest that non-DIO and gut microbiome dysbiosis also associated with decreased expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and Zo1) and mucin synthesis genes (Muc2 and Muc6) further support that obesity and the associated gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute in pathology of gut leakiness. Here, MUC5AC is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.