The apparent contrast of these results and those from our tissue samples tested by IHC (in which both CP and PDA had similar Gal-1 expression levels) is likely due to the differences in severity of disease for patients analyzed by the two methods: tissue samples were obtained after surgical interventions of severe CP and showed extensive fibrotic areas, while blood samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with CP by echo-endoscopy, who are less likely to require surgery and present less inflammatory areas (and, consequently, have lower levels of Gal-1). Here, LGALS1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.