LGALS1 and Patent ductus arteriosus: Notably, the median value of plasma Gal-1 levels (measured by ELISA) significantly increased for PDA patients as compared to healthy controls in all three cohorts (Barcelona-HM, 37.34 ng/ml compared to 21.62 ng/ml; Liverpool-UL, 25.36 ng/ml compared to 17.10 ng/ml; and Madrid-HURC, 21.6 ng/ml compared to 16.00 ng/ml, for PDA patients and controls, respectively) (Figure 2 and Table 1).