Quantitative changes in coagulation factors in patients with diabetes involve higher plasma levels of fibrinogen (the soluble precursor of solid fibrin), coagulation factor VII, and coagulation factor XII; increased endothelial expression of tissue factor and tissue factor–coagulation factor VIIa complex activity; and a reduction in the anticoagulant protein tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)28,29. This evidence concerns the gene F3 and diabetes mellitus.