LIPE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Xanthine-based caffeine has also been proposed to have several beneficial effects on obesity, especially on energy expenditure and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissues (BATs) through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and adrenergic activation [19], characterized by activation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) at adipocytes [20,21].