BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: It may be important, therefore, to be able to advise individual patients on specific vulnerabilities, either in their susceptibility to potential damaging effects of alcohol (e.g., those expressing the defective ALDH2*2 isoform) or with significant risk factors for developing breast cancer, BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations the impact of which may increase their susceptibility to other potential risk factors.