IDO1 and malaria: It has been shown that DC uptake of infected red blood cells (iRBC) impairs the immune responses during blood stage malaria by interfering with the priming and elicitation of liver-stage immunity.5, 6 During the chronic phase of the infection, the inhibitory molecule IDO1 is up-regulated in DC, inducing PD1 and LAG-3 expression in CD4 T cells, interfering with the memory acquisition.7, 8, 9