Consistent with observations in several neurodegenerative diseases,22, 40 we found that the C3 protein levels were elevated in the hippocampus of diabetes mice by western blot(DM 1.45 ± 0.09 vs, Con 1 ± 0.56, P < 0.01) (Figure 1A, B). Here, C3 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.