For example, within the tumour microenvironment, endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors and myofibroblasts secrete the stem cell factor, CXCL12 and Wnt to modulate the stemness of CSCs.5 Another critical component of the tumour microenvironment, galectin can control immune surveillance and aid tumour metastasis.6 Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.