On the other hand, ApN has been reported to increase mitochondria and oxidative myofiber in skeletal muscle through activation of CaMKK, AMPK, SIRT1, which were correlated with increased type I myofiber, insulin resistance and exercise endurance and supported the view of stronger muscle contraction of concave-sided paravertebral muscle in AIS (Iwabu et al. 2010; Abou-Samra et al. 2015). Here, SIRT1 is linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome.