Notably, three of the top four weighted loci, GCKR, CILP2/TM6SF2, and PNPLA3(Table 1, S3 Table) have been previously associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [65], and functional work has implicated these loci in liver lipid metabolism [66–70]. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.