GARS1 and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: GARS showed an increase of 100% in spinal cord from SMA mice at postnatal Day 8 compared to control littermates (Fig. 4A and B) whilst YARS showed a reduction of 37% in SMA spinal cord (Supplementary Fig. 7A and B); thereby validating expression changes in two different tRNA-synthetases in SMA.