Similarly, IL-6 and IL-18 cytokines seem to have no role on infection outcome (Pinelli et al., 1994; Manna et al., 2006; Carrillo et al., 2007; Aslan et al., 2016) or to be markers of active disease (Lima et al., 2007) or asymptomatic infection (Chamizo et al., 2005). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is infection.