MAL and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Comparative lectin blotting was also performed using concanavalin A (Con A), Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) to assess the level of a range of glycoepitopes in PCa and BPH urine in an orthogonal manner.