For instance, lncRNA HOTTIP facilitates tumorigenesis of esophageal squamous carcinoma through exerting as a ceRNA of HOXA1324; lncRNA HCAL acts as a ceRNA to motivate cell proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma25; lncRNA MIR31HG drives tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through functioning as a ceRNA26. Here, MIR31HG is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.