TGFB1 and colitis: In addition, Engler et al.116 revealed a significant correlation among CDX2, MUC2, and TGF-β, and demonstrated the activation of the TGF-β-dependent Samd-CDX2-MUC2 axis after H. pylori infection or extraction treatment can increases intestinal mucus secretion and ameliorate experimental colitis (summarized schematically in Figure 2).