While the precise link between altered immunity and pathological vascular remodeling has yet to be determined, our previous work has identified an impairment of NK cells isolated from patients with PAH, defined by reduced cytolytic function, increased TGFβ signaling, and diminished expression of multiple surface receptors, including KIR3DL1, NKp46, and CD56 (31). The gene discussed is NCR1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.