CSF2 and neoplasm: It is certainly a strategy that has to be approached with caution, as blocking GM-CSF has been shown to reduce accumulation of monocytes and myeloid precursor cells, and was shown to delay tumor progression, while delivering GM-CSF to tumors, for instance using the oncolytic virus T-VEC, was shown to induce tumor-specific T cells, most likely as a consequence of DC activation.