TNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: - Human endotoxemia model (mimicking sepsis-induced immunoparalysis): increased mHLA-DR expression, restored TNFα production and further attenuated IL-10 production (43) - Case series in patients suffering from opportunistic infections not responding to regular treatment: increased mHLA-DR expression and cytokine production by ex vivo-stimulated leukocytes (97)