In this section, we will discuss the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several well-known CNS disorders including cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease), multiple sclerosis, depression as well as other CNS disorders. Here, NLRP3 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.