Moreover and consistent with our data in Fig. 1, infection with PAK strains expressing functional GAP (∆S∆T/ExoS and ∆S∆T/ExoS (G+A−)) resulted in substantial cytochrome c release into the cytosol, as assessed by Western blotting (Fig. 8C), indicating that similar to PA103, ExoS/GAP was responsible for mitochondrial disruption and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol in PAK genetic background. This evidence concerns the gene CYCS and infection.