PRKN and Parkinson disease: In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PD have been linked to mutations in genes encoding for parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN, commonly referred to as parkin), PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1, a protein that acts in the same pathway of parkin) and parkinsonism associated deglycase (DJ-1) [80], just to cite some of them.