Quantitative measurements of the NGAL protein and mRNA levels performed in blood, urine and tissues, show that NGAL is overexpressed in non-microbe-associated cancers (including breast, brain, ovarian, endometrial, pancreatic, colorectal, bladder, liver, and lung cancers) [1,4,13,14,25,28,33,36]. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is cancer.