In light of these findings, it is likely that the anti-tumor efficacy of CD8+ T-cells could be increased by β-blockers; perhaps, as clinical trials testing the repurposing of β-blockers in combination with other therapies such as chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors progress, these questions can be addressed by analysis of patient specimens in addition to preclinical mouse models. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.