Reasons for continuing with the previous treatment were pregnancy (n = 3), individual choice (n = 5) and clinician choice (n = 5); this included individuals with retinopathy and nephropathy or concomitant confirmed type 1 diabetes (n = 1, GAD-antibody positive, urine C-peptide creatinine ratio 0.12 nmol/mol) (Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene GAD1 and retinal disorder.