ALPK1 and colitis: However, compared to WT or heterozygous controls, intestinal CD4+ T cells of Alpk1−/− mice were highly skewed towards a Th1 phenotype (IFN-γ+ IL-17A–) following induction of colitis, as measured by cell frequency and IFN-γ expression per cell (Fig. 3f, g, Supplementary Fig. 4d, e).