TIAM1 and cancer: It is most highly up-regulated in CRC, targeted and down-regulated many genes, such as PDCD4, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2), PTEN, transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2), and cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), which are involved in controlling proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance [23].