Moreover, Nishida et al. reported that an association between high levels of miR-92a and lymphatic invasion, venous invasion and liver metastases through the pivotal genes, drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD) family member 2 (SMAD2), SMAD4, and TGFBR2 of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway based on the expression of miR-92a carcinoma cells and cancer-associated stroma compared with corresponding normal tissues [30]. Here, SMAD2 is linked to cancer.