To check the underlying molecular mechanism induced by exosomes derived from CSCs and MSCs in HCC, changes in the gene expression of apoptotic markers (Bax and p53), antiapoptotic marker (Bcl2), EMT-related gene (TGFβ1), inflammation-related gene (NFκB), angiogenesis-related genes (VEGF), and metastasis-related genes (MMP9 and TIMP1) were detected in rat livers of all groups and the obtained data is shown in Figure 7. Here, MMP9 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.