TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Our results confirmed that CSCs-exosomes increased the expression of Bcl2, TGFβ1, NFκB, MMP9, and VEGF genes; the expression of TGFβ1, P13K, and ERK proteins; the immunostaining of PCNA; and the serum level of TGFβ1, but decreased Bax, p53, and TIMP1 mRNA levels in livers of HCC rats as compared to HCC rats injected by PBS.