INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type-III diabetes includes many forms with different causes: IIIa, caused by genetic defects of β-cell function; IIIb, due to genetic defects in insulin action; IIIc, for the diseases of exocrine pancreas; IIId for endocrinopathies; IIIe, drug- or chemical-induced; IIIf, an infection consequence; IIIg, an uncommon form of immune-mediated diabetes; and IIIh, other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes [3], as reported in Table 1.