This group argues that the effect of TBK1/IKKε is at the level of T cells, where IL-2 and IFNγ are increased with inhibition, and at the tumor cell level where TBK1/IKKε inhibition leads to decreased C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and IL-6. This evidence concerns the gene IKBKE and neoplasm.