When intersecting this “acute HCV PBMC ISG signature” with ISG lists derived from IFN stimulated PBMC [30] or HCV liver microarray datasets (Fig 3B), we noted overlap (44/105 acute HCV PBMC ISGs) with ISG induction in acutely infected chimpanzee liver ([25], 5–11 weeks post-infection), and less overlap (16/105 acute HCV PBMC ISGs) with acutely infected human liver ([19], <6 months post-infection). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.