Angiogenesis via VEGF is known to play a role in bladder cancer biology and disease progression6 and activation of mTOR has been shown to increase tumour cell proliferation and promote angiogenesis.7 This understanding has led to investigations into the potential use of VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) and mTOR inhibitors as combination therapy. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and urinary bladder cancer.