In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in females, we [5,6,7] and others [8,9,10] demonstrated an association of the susceptibility to develop diabetic nephropathy (DN), with a variant in the carnosinase 1 gene (CNDP1), associated with lower carnosinase 1 (CN1) activity [11]. This evidence concerns the gene CNDP1 and diabetic kidney disease.