NRP1 and cancer: Even in the presence of oxygen, cancer cells can reprogram their glucose metabolism by restricting metabolism mainly to aerobic glycolysis.38, 59 According to the Warburg effect, glycolysis is the main source of energy in cancer cells due to the lack of oxygen in the tumor environment, but glycolysis also occurs even when oxygen is in excess.60 As such, it has been demonstrated that NRP‐1 is a positive regulator of VEGF‐induced glycolysis via upregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α in pancreatic cancer.61 Moreover, downregulation of NRP‐1 decreased glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells.