Indeed, it was observed that infection of Toxoplasma gondii is associated with neuronal impairment and inflammation in mice and humans (Carruthers and Suzuki, 2007) and the inhibition of TNF signaling in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis is protective against Alzheimer's disease (Steeland et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.