The elevated histone crotonylation may have a beneficial effect on acute kidney injury, as evident from the increase in the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression in cultured tubular cells and healthy kidneys.[35] PGC-1α, a major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, not only suppresses the degree of renal impairment but also helps in the recovery from this disorder.[36] Acute kidney injury is a cause of chronic KF. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is acute kidney injury.