The association of ShcA with the cytoskeleton was later confirmed by Smith et al. In epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated metastatic bladder cancer cells and a skin carcinoma cell line, immunostaining for Shc and the cytoskeleton-associated protein IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Protein 1 (IQGAP1) demonstrated the recruitment of the two proteins to the membrane ruffles and to the lamellipodia. This evidence concerns the gene IQGAP1 and urinary bladder carcinoma.