1. Butyrate can epigenetically regulate obesity-related gene expressions such as PPARγ and interferon-γ (Berni Canani et al., 2012). 2. Butyrate can affect DNA methylation processes by regulating methyl-donor availability through regulation of folate production (Pompei et al., 2007); 3. Supplementation of Bifidobacterium during pregnancy affects DNA methylation status of certain promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes both in mothers and their children (Luoto et al., 2010; Vähämiko et al., 2018). Here, PPARG is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.