They comprise: (1) either MSH (Figure 2A), or EGF (Figure 2B) as internalizable ligand modules that are targeted either at melanocortin receptors-1 overexpressed on melanoma cells (both human and murine), or at EGFRs overexpressed on bladder, esophageal, glioblastoma, head and neck, and several other types of cancer cells; (2) a modified NLS of the SV40 large T-antigen; (3) the DTox as the endosomolytic module; (4) HMP as a carrier (Rosenkranz et al., 2003a; Gilyazova et al., 2006). The gene discussed is MC1R; the disease is cancer.